CBG

UK Cheese is described by Leafly as a Skunk 1 phenotype associated with the Exodus collective. This page identifies that selection separately from the broader Cheese entry, whose source discusses later family contributions. Shared Cheese names should not erase differences between a clone and later seed lines.

Skunk Haze is associated with Mr. Nice Seeds in Leafly's account and combines Skunk and Haze heritage. The source uses the broad Skunk name, so this page does not automatically narrow it to a particular numbered line. The CBD alias is not itself a chemical measurement.

Sensi Star is listed by Leafly as an indica catalog entry, but the reviewed narrative does not establish a parent cross. This profile retains the name and attributed reference data while leaving its pedigree open. A lack of documented parents is not evidence that it is a landrace.

Chem Sis, also called Chem's Sister, is described by Leafly as a Chemdawg phenotype. This page records that selection relationship, helping explain its appearance in other reported families. The identity does not establish a new cross or guarantee uniform chemistry across products.

NYC Diesel is listed by Leafly through Mexican and Afghani landrace backgrounds. The geographical terms leave the precise founding material unresolved. This entry remains distinct from Sour Diesel and ECSD, even though the catalog lists overlapping Diesel aliases.

Pineapple Express is a hybrid that Leafly traces to Trainwreck and Hawaiian. Pineapple, tropical and citrus are its displayed reader flavor tags. The source's terpene information needs more care: its summary table lists myrcene, caryophyllene and pinene, while the descriptive paragraph names caryophyllene, limonene and ocimene. This entry preserves the difference rather than combining both into a newly asserted chemical profile. A sample-specific analysis would be needed to establish actual composition.

Trainwreck is associated by Leafly with Northern California and Mexican, Thai and Afghan ancestry. The source offers more than one story for its name rather than a single documented origin. Its summary classifies it as hybrid, while the narrative uses sativa language; these labels should not settle pedigree. Pine, earthy and woody are displayed reader tags, separate from a terpinolene-led catalog profile. The ancestry remains broader than an authenticated pair of immediate parents.

The White is described by Leafly as a line of uncertain origin, once called Triangle and associated with Florida. Similar appearance to an OG does not establish OG Kush parentage. This page therefore preserves the historical uncertainty and does not conflate the Triangle name with Triangle Kush.

Blue Moonshine is attributed by Leafly to DJ Short and described within the Blueberry family. The reviewed narrative does not set out a full parent cross. Its fruity reader descriptors and catalog values are retained without treating a family resemblance as proof of a direct pedigree.

Wedding Cake is listed by Leafly as Triangle Mints #23, with Pink Cookies used as another regional name. Its reported cross connects Triangle Kush and Animal Mints. Vanilla, pepper and butter appear among the reader flavor tags, giving this profile more detail than its dessert-themed name alone. The catalog's cannabinoid values remain source summaries; the naming history and reported parent cross do not establish a fixed composition for everything sold under this name.

Durban Poison takes its regional identity from Durban in South Africa according to Leafly. The catalog classifies it as sativa without supplying a named two-parent cross. Its displayed pine, earthy and sage descriptors are reader impressions, while terpinolene leads the separate terpene list. A geographic origin is useful historical context but does not by itself authenticate every later selection carrying the name or establish a fixed concentration of any cannabinoid.

GSC is the catalog entry also known as Girl Scout Cookies. Leafly attributes it to Jigga and describes an OG Kush subtype crossed with F1 Durban. That intermediate parent name matters: it should not automatically be replaced with Durban Poison. Thin Mint and Platinum GSC are discussed as related variations rather than interchangeable specimens. Mint, sweet and earthy reader tags help describe the catalog profile but do not authenticate its genetics.

Chemdawg is linked by Leafly to the original Chemdog name and a 1991 bag-seed account attributed to breeder Chemdog. Finding seeds in acquired material explains a discovery story, not the identity of both parent plants. The source distinguishes Chem 91, Chem 4 and Chem Sis as variations, which should not be collapsed into interchangeable specimens. Chemical, diesel and pungent are reader descriptors; the names alone do not identify measured ingredients or authenticated genetics.

Strawberry Cough is a sativa-classified catalog entry whose source describes its origins as uncertain while proposing Haze and Strawberry Fields as a possible cross. The proposed relationship therefore remains an attributed hypothesis rather than settled ancestry. Strawberry, sweet and berry are displayed reader flavor tags. Neither the fruit name nor the word Cough is a test of chemical identity, a measure of safety or proof that another similarly named sample is the same plant.

Northern Lights is listed by Leafly as an indica with reported Afghani and Thai ancestry. Its history section treats the Seattle origin story as a rumor and describes later distribution through the Netherlands. That uncertainty is part of the record, not a missing detail to fill by guesswork. Pine, earth and wood appear in its reader flavor tags. Numbered selections such as Northern Lights #5 require their own provenance rather than automatic equivalence with this broader entry.

Jack Herer is named after the author and cannabis activist. Leafly attributes its development to Sensi Seeds and describes a Haze hybrid combined with Northern Lights #5 and Shiva Skunk ancestry. The source acknowledges multiple phenotypes, which matters when interpreting the name as a single record. Its terpinolene-led catalog profile and pine, wood and earth flavor tags describe different evidence types, not a guarantee that every Jack Herer sample shares the same composition.

White Widow is associated in Leafly's account with Dutch breeding in the 1990s and ancestry from Brazil and southern India. These regional descriptions are broader than named, authenticated parent plants. The profile's woody, earthy and floral reader tags sit alongside a myrcene-led catalog terpene listing. They describe the source's record rather than establish a universal sample profile. Historical breeder attribution and the exact ancestral material still need primary documentation.

Blueberry, also called Berry Blue, is associated with DJ Short's work beginning in the late 1970s. Leafly describes Thai-related ancestry and notes that material passed between breeders and seed banks over time. This history is a reason to preserve source and selection details rather than assume all Blueberry records describe one identical plant. Blueberry, berry and sweet are reader flavor descriptors; the fruit name alone is not a chemical measurement or proof of parentage.

Hindu Kush takes its name from the mountain region spanning parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan. This entry documents that regional background and the source's catalog traits without assigning an unsupported parent cross.

Super Skunk is reported as a cross between Skunk #1 and Afghani. Those links connect it to two widely referenced families; the skunk and earthy flavor tags below describe reader observations rather than laboratory measurements.

Lemon Thai is attributed to Dutch Flowers and a cross involving Thai and Hawaiian material. The source does not establish the exact named Hawaiian parent, so the family view preserves that uncertainty.

Skunk #1 is associated with Sacred Seed Co. and selection work involving Afghani, Acapulco Gold and Colombian Gold. Its family record represents that multi-generation background rather than a simple two-parent cross.

Super Silver Haze is attributed to Green House Seeds and a background involving Skunk, Northern Lights and Haze. The source supplies those ancestry names but does not establish the exact sequence of crosses.

Super Lemon Haze connects Lemon Skunk with Super Silver Haze in the catalog's lineage account. Associated with Green House Seeds, it extends the Haze family while carrying reader-reported citrus flavor descriptors.

Hawaiian is a sativa catalog entry with tropical and citrus flavor reports. The reference used here does not identify a named parent cross, so its ancestry remains open rather than inferred from the name.

Sherbert, also called Sunset Sherbet, connects the GSC family with Pink Panties. Leafly credits Mr. Sherbinski with its development; this profile separates that reported cross from sample-specific chemistry.

The Original Z is widely associated with the earlier name Zkittlez. Its reported background includes Grape Ape, Grapefruit and an undisclosed contribution; this profile retains that uncertainty instead of presenting a complete parent pair.

Thin Mint is described as a distinct selection within the GSC family. It appears in the reported background of Gelato, making it a useful link between the Cookies family and later named cultivars.

Triangle Kush is associated with Florida, with a name referring to Jacksonville, Miami and Tampa. This catalog records its regional history while leaving the immediate parent identities unresolved.

Animal Mints joins Animal Cookies and SinMint Cookies in Leafly's lineage account. Its mint-related flavor descriptors are reader reports, while the parent links describe the catalog's proposed genetic relationship.

Dosidos is associated with a GSC phenotype and Face Off OG genetics. The GSC contribution is described at the phenotype level in this reference, so it is recorded as ancestry rather than equated with one verified GSC parent.

Lemon Tree, also known as Lemon Tree Kush, is cataloged by Leafly as a Lemon Skunk and Sour Diesel cross. The existing parent records are linked while the citrus descriptors remain reader language.

Zoap is described in Leafly's catalog as a Rainbow Sherbet and Pink Guava cross associated with Deo Farms. The parent names remain source-attributed and are not silently merged with similarly named catalog strains.

Rainbow Belts is cataloged by Leafly with Moonbow and Zkittlez family context. The plural and singular names are kept as aliases while the reported parentage remains attributed to the source.

MAC 1 is described by Leafly through an Alien Cookies F2 and Miracle 15 background. This profile keeps the F2 wording visible so the broader Alien Cookies entry is not presented as an identical immediate parent.

Kush Mints is listed by Leafly as an Animal Mints and Bubba Kush cross. Its mint-related naming and reader flavor tags are descriptive catalog language and do not establish a measured chemical composition.

Tropicana Cookies is a sativa-classified Leafly entry with several spelling and generation aliases. This batch records its catalog parameters while leaving immediate parentage unresolved where the checked source excerpt did not establish it.

Pink Runtz is treated by Leafly as a selection associated with the Runtz family rather than a separate authenticated two-parent cross. The catalog therefore preserves it as a selection relationship.

Zookies is described by Leafly as an Animal Cookies and Original Glue cross. The profile stores this attributed parentage while keeping reader experience and flavor descriptors distinct from genetic evidence.

Gelato #41 is a separately named Cookies-family entry. Leafly connects it to Sunset Sherbert and Thin Mint Cookies and associates the line with California. The numbered name is useful for identification, but does not guarantee that every product carrying it shares the same chemistry.

G13 carries an unusually elaborate origin story. Leafly itself describes the government-laboratory account as an urban legend, so this profile does not present it as established history. The catalog name and its reported attributes can be documented while its original parentage remains unresolved.

Northern Lights #5 has its own Leafly entry and should not be collapsed into the broader Northern Lights label. It appears in the reported histories of Shiva Skunk and Jack Herer. The source genetics panel identifies Afghani, but does not establish a complete authenticated cross.

Cinderella 99, also called C99 or Cindy, is associated with Mr. Soul and Brothers Grimm. Leafly recounts a Jack Herer seed-origin story. This is recorded as ancestry rather than simplified into a direct two-parent cross, preserving the distinction between a founding story and a documented pedigree.

Alien Kush is a California-associated entry that Leafly describes through LVPK and Alien Dawg. Its name is distinct from Alien OG, even though both appear in related catalog families. Tea and woody reader descriptors describe this profile without establishing the identity of a particular plant.

Starfighter is attributed by Leafly to Alien Genetics and a cross of Alien Tahoe OG with Lemon Alien Dawg. The source distinguishes the original material from later similar phenotypes offered by Exotic Genetix. That distinction is retained rather than treating every similarly named release as identical.

Alien Cookies is attributed by Leafly to Jaws Gear Genetics, combining GSC and Aliendawg. Its place in the library helps explain the reported background of MAC. Similar Cookies names are not merged automatically, and the listed reference values do not authenticate individual products.

Strawberry Fields exposes a pedigree conflict: its Leafly page calls Strawberry Cough a parent, while the Strawberry Cough page proposes Strawberry Fields in its own background. This entry flags the contradiction instead of drawing a circular family tree. The other parent is described only as an undisclosed indica.

Bubble Gum has a recognizable name but incompletely documented parentage. Leafly links its history to Indiana material while explicitly describing the cross as unclear. The page keeps that uncertain ancestry separate from the catalog's reader descriptors and avoids inventing a second parent.

Burmese Kush is associated with T.H. Seeds in Leafly's account, which specifically names OG Kush in its background. The page does not identify a complete second-parent history. The geographical implication of its name is therefore not used to invent a regional parent.

Motorbreath, sometimes written Motor Breath, is described by Leafly through Chemdog and SFV OG Kush. The latter name is kept distinct from SFV OG, which has its own profile. Its fuel-related descriptors are attributed reader impressions rather than proof of a particular terpene concentration.

Mendo Breath links OGKB and Mendo Montage in Leafly's account. Both names are retained as distinct profiles so readers can follow the Cookies and Mendocino connections separately. Its vanilla-related descriptors are catalog impressions; they do not identify or validate a specific batch.

Clementine is described by Leafly as a Tangie and Lemon Skunk cross. This provides a useful connection to the citrus-associated family behind Mimosa. Orange and lemon tags summarize reader reports, while the listed terpenes are a separately attributed catalog summary.

ECSD is listed separately by Leafly as East Coast Sour Diesel. The reviewed narrative describes its identity and sensory character without establishing a complete parent cross. This page keeps that named line distinct from the broader Sour Diesel profile and leaves unsupported parentage unresolved.

Cannalope Haze is described by Leafly as Original Haze combined with a Mexican landrace. Original Haze links to the existing Haze profile; the unspecified Mexican material remains an external ancestry label. The regional reference does not justify choosing a particular Mexican cultivar as its parent.

California Orange has several long-used aliases, including Cali-O and Californian Orange. Leafly describes an older line with uncertain origins rather than a settled parent cross. Its citrus-associated name and reader tags help distinguish the catalog entry, but do not establish a verified family history.

Afghan Kush is associated by Leafly with the Hindu Kush region near the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. The account also mentions later seed distribution by White Label. Geographic origin and a later supplier are different facts; neither is converted here into a specific two-parent cross.

The Soap is cataloged by Leafly as an Animal Mints and Kush Mints cross. Its name and aroma associations remain descriptive labels, while lineage and source-linked reference values are stored independently.

Green Crack is listed by Leafly with names including Green Crush and Mango Crack. Its proposed background pairs Skunk #1 with an unidentified indica, leaving part of the pedigree unresolved. Citrus, mango and earthy are reader flavor descriptors on the source page. The dramatic name is a naming convention, not an ingredient statement, and the unknown parent should stay unknown rather than be replaced with a familiar strain to complete the tree.

OG #18, also known as Private Reserve, is described by Leafly as an OG Kush phenotype. It is therefore connected to OG Kush as a selection rather than presented as a newly documented two-parent cross. The selected name does not fix the chemistry of every sample sold under it.

White Rhino is described as a White Widow cross with North American Indica. The regional name does not identify a single verified parent accession.

Blue Cheese connects the Blueberry and UK Cheese families. The UK Cheese parent is retained as a specific selection rather than merged with every strain sold as Cheese.

White Fire OG is listed by Leafly as a Fire OG and The White cross and is also known by several WiFi names. Those aliases map to one catalog entry without implying that every similarly named product is genetically identical.

Headband brings together the OG Kush and Sour Diesel families. HB is another name recorded for this hybrid in the source catalog.

Lemon Kush has competing pedigrees: Master Kush with Lemon Joy, or the Alien Genetics version of Lemon G with Afghan Kush. These are alternatives, not a four-parent cross.

Lemon OG is described as a cross of a Las Vegas Lemon Skunk selection and OG #18. The Lemon Skunk link identifies the family; the particular Las Vegas selection is not a separate catalog record.

LA Confidential also appears under Confidential and Confidential OG. Leafly lists Afghani in its genetics section without establishing a complete two-parent pedigree.

Chocolope, also called D-Line, is reported to combine Chocolate Thai and Cannalope Haze. Its catalog identity connects chocolate-associated Thai genetics with the Haze family.

Tangie is reported as a California Orange and Skunk 1 cross. Despite the similar names and citrus associations, Tangie and Tangerine Dream are separate catalog entries.

Tangerine Dream is associated with Barney’s Farm. Its background lists G13, Afghani and Neville’s A5 Haze; the source does not specify each intermediate breeding step.

Jack the Ripper, or JTR, is reported as Jack’s Cleaner crossed with the Space Dude male selection of Space Queen. The catalog connects it with Subcool’s The Dank.

Amnesia Haze is associated with the Amsterdam cannabis scene. Leafly traces its background to South Asian and Jamaican landraces without documenting a complete sequence of crosses.

Animal Face is described by Leafly as a Face Off OG and Animal Mints cross associated with Seed Junky genetics. The catalog value and reported attributes remain reference data rather than sample-level measurements.

Strawberry Banana, or Strawnana, is attributed to DNA Genetics working with Serious Seeds. Its reported parents are Crockett’s Banana Kush and the Strawberry selection of Bubble Gum.

Cherry Pie is reported as Granddaddy Purple crossed with F1 Durb. The F1 Durb name is preserved rather than automatically equated with Durban Poison.

Master Kush is attributed to the Dutch White Label Seed Company. Leafly describes two regional landrace parents from the Hindu Kush area but does not identify their individual accessions.

Kosher Kush began as a Los Angeles clone-only line and is associated with DNA Genetics. Leafly relates it to OG Kush without documenting a complete two-parent cross.

Skywalker OG has conflicting pedigree information within Leafly: the genetics panel lists OG Kush and Mazar x Blueberry, while the description names Mazar and Blueberry OG. Neither account is treated as settled.

Fire OG is reported as OG Kush crossed with SFV OG Kush. The latter is distinct from SFV OG, so the two names are not merged in its parent links.

Tahoe OG is described as a phenotype of OG Kush rather than a separately documented two-parent cross. Tahoe OG Kush is another name for the same catalog profile.

Bruce Banner is attributed to Dark Horse Genetics and a cross of OG Kush with Strawberry Diesel. Numbered selections such as Bruce Banner #3 are not automatically treated as identical samples.

MAC expands to Miracle Alien Cookies. Leafly lists Alien Cookies, Starfighter and Columbian in its background; the broad Columbian name is not equated with Colombian Gold.

Ice Cream Cake is reported as Wedding Cake crossed with Gelato #33. Its pedigree links to the numbered Gelato selection rather than the broader Gelato family record.

GMO Cookies also appears as Garlic Cookies. Leafly attributes this GSC and Chemdawg cross to Mamiko Seeds, with garlic and fuel associations in its description.

Biscotti has two reported pedigrees: Gelato 25 with Sour Florida OG, or Motorbreath with Gelato 41. The four links describe competing accounts, not a single four-way cross.

Wedding Crasher, also listed as Wedding Crashers, is associated with Symbiotic Genetics. Its reported parents are Wedding Cake and Purple Punch.

Slurricane is reported as a Dosidos and Purple Punch cross. This places it at a connection between the Cookies-related Dosidos family and the Purple Punch lineage.

Peanut Butter Breath is attributed to ThugPug Genetics and a Dosidos–Mendo Breath cross. Similar peanut-themed names are not assumed to denote this same cultivar.

Mimosa is reported as Clementine crossed with Purple Punch and is associated with Symbiotic Genetics. Purple Mimosa is an alternate name recorded on the source page.

Orange Cookies is reported as Orange Juice crossed with GSC. It is a separate catalog identity from other orange-named Cookies-family cultivars.

Cereal Milk is associated with Cookies and a Y Life–Snowman cross. Leafly describes Y Life as Cookies with Cherry Pie and Snowman as a Cookies selection.

Jealousy is attributed to Seed Junky Genetics. Its reported parents are Sherbert Bx1 and Gelato 41; the backcross and numbered selection are preserved as distinct parent identities.

Gary Payton comes from a Cookies and Powerzzzup Genetics collaboration. Leafly names The Y and Snowman as its parents, and the cultivar takes its name from the basketball player.

Papaya is listed by Leafly as a Nirvana Seeds line involving Citral #13 and Ice #2. Both parent names remain source-attributed external identities until those records receive their own catalog entries.

London Pound Cake, also called Pound Cake, is associated with Cookies. Leafly identifies Sherbert as one parent but leaves the other indica parent unnamed.

RS11 expands to Rainbow Sherbert #11. Leafly credits Deo Farms with the Pink Guava–Sherbert cross and Wizard Trees with selecting RS11 from that work.

Thai denotes a landrace cannabis population associated with Thailand rather than one documented modern cross. Thai Sticks is a historical name connected with its presentation.

Pink Panties is reported as Burmese Kush crossed with a Florida Kush backcross. The backcross designation is preserved because it is more specific than the broad Florida Kush name.

Animal Cookies, also called Animal Crackers, is reported as GSC crossed with Fire OG. These two parent links connect it to both the Cookies and OG families.

SinMint Cookies is associated with Sin City Seeds. Leafly describes it as a GSC and Blue Power cross with an aroma that includes mint-associated notes.

Lemon Skunk is attributed to DNA Genetics and two selected Skunk phenotypes. The individual selections are not named, so this record does not invent separate parent identities.

Acapulco Gold is associated with the area around Acapulco in Mexico. The regional origin is documented separately from a modern, named two-parent pedigree.

Colombian Gold is associated with Colombia’s Santa Marta mountains. Leafly describes this regional landrace as a contributor to the later Skunk 1 family.

Face Off OG is associated with Archive Seeds and a California OG Kush selection from the late 1990s. This is represented as selection history rather than an invented two-parent cross.

Sour Dubb has uncertain clone-only origins. Leafly proposes East Coast Sour Diesel with Sour Bubble and separately describes a B.O.G. Seeds recreation using a different Sour Diesel line.

Black Domina is described by Leafly using four family contributors: Northern Lights, Ortega, Hash Plant and Afghani. Those connections are shown as ancestry rather than implying a single four-parent mating. The source does not establish every intermediate generation.

OGKB expands to OG Kush Breath, but Leafly describes its family connection as a believed descent from GSC. The name alone is not used to add OG Kush as a direct parent. An ancestry link preserves the tentative scope of the source account.

Lavender, also called Lavender Kush, is attributed by Leafly to Soma Seeds and a background involving Super Skunk, Big Skunk Korean and Afghani Hawaiian. The three named contributors are shown as ancestry because the reviewed account does not establish each intermediate cross.

Critical Mass is listed by Leafly as an Afghani and Skunk #1 cross. The profile keeps that reported family connection alongside source-linked catalog parameters without converting reference values into laboratory ranges.

Ghost Train Haze is described by Leafly as a Rare Dankness line involving Ghost OG and Neville's Wreck. The family links are source-reported and are kept separate from reader experience descriptors.

Black Jack is described by Leafly as a Sweet Seeds hybrid of Black Domina and Jack Herer. The reported cross is retained as family context without implying fixed terpene or cannabinoid concentrations across samples.

Green Goblin has more than one identity account in Leafly's catalog, including a Green Crack association and a Northern Lights/Skunk explanation. This profile leaves that disagreement visible rather than choosing a single pedigree.

Panama Red is a historically named sativa entry that Leafly associates with Panama and Colombia. These geographic ancestry labels are kept as regional context rather than converted into authenticated named parent strains.

Malawi is presented by Leafly as a sativa landrace associated with the Salima region of Malawi. A regional landrace identity is recorded without inventing a two-parent cross or treating every modern sample as identical.

Gastro Pop is listed by Leafly as an Apples and Bananas and Grape Gas cross associated with Compound Genetics. The source-reported family connection is retained without converting catalog percentages into lab measurements.

Gelonade is cataloged by Leafly as a Lemon Tree and Gelato #41 cross. Both parents are represented as source-attributed relationships, including the numbered Gelato selection rather than a generic substitution.

Grape Pie is described by Leafly as a Cherry Pie and Grape Stomper cross. The relationship is retained as catalog lineage, while grape and berry flavor terms remain reader-reported descriptors rather than ingredients.

Gelatti is listed by Leafly as a Gelato and Biscotti cross. This profile links those existing catalog families while keeping its reported experience and flavor labels distinct from the genetics field.

Sherbanger is described by Leafly with Sherbert and Headbanger parent names. Because the checked source does not establish that Sherbert is identical to this catalog's Sunset Sherbert entry, it remains external.

Atomic Apple is cataloged by Leafly with Triangle Mints and Apple Fritter genetics. Apple Fritter links to an existing profile, while Triangle Mints remains an external parent identity in this batch.

LA Kush Cake is listed by Leafly as a Wedding Cake and Kush Mints cross and appears under several regional or selection names. Those aliases remain attached to one catalog identity without erasing selection uncertainty.

Rainbow Chip is described by Leafly as an Exotic Genetix cross involving Sunset Sherbert and Mint Chocolate Chip. The family links are retained as attributed catalog relationships.

Mango Kush is represented from Leafly's hybrid catalog entry with mango, tropical and sweet reader descriptors. Parentage is left unresolved here because the checked source excerpt did not establish a complete attributed cross.

Banana OG is described by Leafly as involving OG Kush and a Banana parent identity. OG Kush links to the existing catalog; the Banana parent remains external rather than being inferred from similarly named strains.

Cookies and Cream is described by Leafly as Starfighter crossed with an undisclosed GSC phenotype. Starfighter can be linked directly, while GSC remains ancestry because the exact phenotype is not identified.

Secret Weapon is listed by Leafly as a Cheese and White Widow cross. Both parent identities already exist in the catalog, so the reported family link can be represented without resolving any external placeholders.